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Pre-Historic Period
Palaeolithic Period :
1. Lower Palaeolithic
2. Middle Palaeolithic
3. Upper Palaeolithic
Mesolithic Period :
Neolithic Period :
Chalcolithic Period :
Use of copper and stone made tools.
They practised agriculture; venerated mother Goddess and worshipped the bull.
Indus Valley Civilisation
Indus Valley Civilisation |
|
Site |
Discovery/Finding |
Harappa |
Situated on river Ravi in Montgomery district of Punjab (Pakistan). It was excavated by Daya Ram Sahni in 1921-23. The Indus Civilisation is named after it as the Harappan Civilisation. Stone dancing Natraja and Cemetry-37 have been found here. |
Mohenjodaro (Mound of Dead) |
Situated on river Indus in Larkana district of Sind (Pak). It was excavated by RD Bannerji in 1922. The main building includes the Great Bath, the Great Granary, the Collegiate Building and the Assembly Hall. The dancing girl made of bronze, has been found here. Pashupati Mahadeva/proto Shiva seal; fragment of woven cotton. |
Site |
Discovery/Finding |
Chanhudaro |
On river Indus; discovered by NG Majumdar (1931); only Indus site without citadel; bronze fugurines of bullock cart and ekkas; a small pot suggesting a kinkwell. |
Lothal (Gujarat) |
Discovered by SR Rao (1954); situated on river Bhogava. A part town was divided into citadel, lower town and dockyard. Evidence of rice has been found here. |
Kalibangan (Black Bangles) (Rajasthan) |
Discovered by BB Lal (1961); situated on Ghaggar river, a ploughed field; a wooden furrow, seven fire-altars; bones of camel; and evidence of two types of burials namely-circular grave and rectangular grave. |
Dholavira |
It was found on river Luni of Kutch district in Gujarat. Largest and latest site, discovered by JP Joshi (1967-68). It has a unique wale management system; only site to be divided into 3 parts; largest Harappan inscription and a stadium. |
Surkotada (Gujarat) |
Discovered by JP Joshi in 1972; evidence of horse found; oval grave pit burials and seemingly a port city. |
Banawali (Haryana) |
On river Saraswati; discovered by RS Bisht (1973); evidence of both pre-Harappan and Harappan culture; lacked systematic drass system; evidence of good quality barley. |
Vedic Period :
Rig Vedic Period (1500-1000 BC)
Political Organisation
Society
Religion
Economy
Rigvedic Terms |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Dasyus |
Original inhabitant of India |
Ayas |
Copper/bronze |
Vajrapati |
Officer enjoying authority |
Kalapas |
over large tract of land |
Gramini |
Head of the village |
Gavisthi |
Fighting hordes, Search for cows/war for cows |
Rigvedic Rivers |
|||
River |
Name in Rigveda |
River |
Name in Rigveda |
Indus |
Sindhu |
Sutlej |
Sutudri |
Jhelum |
Vitasta |
Gomati |
Gomal |
Chenab |
Asikni |
Saraswati |
Sarasvati |
Ravi |
Parushini |
Ghaggar |
Prishadavati |
Beas |
Vipasa |
|
Later Vedic Period (1000-500 BC)
In this period, Aryans expanded from Punjab over the whole of Western Uttar Pradesh covered by the Ganga-Yamuna Doab.
Political Organisation
King (Samrat) became more powerful and tribal authority tended to become territorial.
Society
Economy
Religion
Vedic Literature
The Vedas
The Brahmanas
The Aranyakas
The Upanishads
Smriti
Vedangas
1. Shiksha (Pronunciation)
2. Kalpa (Rituals)
3. Nikrukta (Explanation)
4. Chhanda (Metrics)
5. Jyotish
Darshans
Upavedas
There are four Upavedas |
||
Upaveda |
Deals with |
Upaveda of |
Dhanurveda |
Art of warfare |
Yajurveda |
Gandharva - veda |
Art and music |
Samaveda |
Shilpaveda |
Architecture |
Atharvaveda |
Ayurveda |
Medicine |
Rigveda |
Epics
Mahajanapadas
Mahajanapada |
Capital |
Mahajanapada |
Capital |
Kashi |
Varanasi |
Kosala |
Shravasti |
Anga |
Champanagri |
Magadh |
Rajagriha |
Vajji |
Vaishali |
Malla |
Kushinagar |
Chedi |
Shuktimati |
Vatsa |
Kaushambi |
Kuru |
Hastinapur |
Panchala |
Ahichhatra |
Matsya |
Viratnagar |
Surasena |
Mathura |
Assaka |
Budanya |
Avanti |
Ujjain |
Gandhara |
Taxila |
Komboja |
Rajpur |
Jainism and Buddhism
Jainism
Five Doctrines of Jainism
1. Do not commit violence (Ahimsa)
2. Do not steal (Asteya)
3. Do not acquire property (Aparigraha)
4. Do not speak lie (Satya)
5. Observe continence (Brahmacharya)
COUNCILS
Buddhism
TriratnaBuddhism stands for 3 pillars
Phases of Buddha's Life |
Known as |
Left home at the age of 29 |
Mahabhinishkramana |
Under Peepal tree at Bodh Gaya at the age of 35 |
Attained knowledge / Enlightment/Nirvana |
First Sermon |
Dharmachakra parivartana |
Death |
Mahaparinirvana |
The Dhamma
The Eight Fold Path
1. Right Understanding 5. Right Efforts
2. Right Thought 6. Right Speech
3. Right Action 7. Right Mindfullness
4. Right Livelihood 8. Right Concentration
Belief in Nirvana
Belief in Ahimsa
Law of Karma
Buddhist Literature
Causes of Decline of Buddhism : Use of Sanskrit, the language of intellectuals, in place of Pali, the language of the common people. Revival of Hinduism.
Main Buddhist Councils |
||||
Buddhist Council |
Time |
Place |
Chairman |
Patron |
First |
483 BC |
Rajagriha |
Mahakashyapa |
Ajatshatru |
Second |
383 BC |
Vaishali |
Sabakami |
Kalashoka |
Third |
250 BC |
Patliputra |
Mogaliputta Tissa |
Ashoka |
Fourth |
AD 72 |
Kundalvana |
Vasumitra, Ashwaghosa |
Kanishka |
Dynasties of Ancient India
Haryanka Dynasty
Bimbisara was the founder, who expanded the Magadha kingdom by annexing Anga and entering into matrimonial alliances with Kosala and Vaishali. He was contemporary of Buddha. Capital-Rajgir (Girivraja).
Shishunaga Dynasty
Nanda Dynasty
Mauryan Dynasty
Chandragupta Maurya
Bindusara
Ashoka
The Indo-Greeks
The Shakas
The Kushans
The Sunga Dynasty (185-73 BC)
The Satavahanas (or Andhras)
The Kanva Dynasty (73-28 BC)
Sangam Age
Introduction
Sangam Literature: Major source giving details of Sangam Age
Other Sources that give details about the Sangam Period are –
Political History of Sangam Period
Cholas
Pandyas
Sangam Polity and Administration
Sangam Society
Position of Women during Sangam Age
Religion
Economy of the Sangam Age
End of Sangam Age
Gupta Period :
Gupta Empire – Kings
Gupta Dynasty Kings |
Facts about Gupta Kings |
Sri Gupta |
•Founder of Gupta Dynasty •Reign from 240 CE to 280 CE •Used the title of ‘Maharaja‘ |
Ghatotkacha |
•Son of Sri Gupta •Took the title of ‘Maharaja‘ |
Chandragupta I |
•Reigned from 319 CE to 335/336 CE •Started the Gupta Era •He assumed the title of ‘Maharajadhiraja‘ •Married Lichchavi princess Kumaradevi |
Samudragupta |
•Reigned from 335/336 CE to 375 CE •Called ‘Napolean of India’ by V.A. Smith (Irish Indologist and Art Historian) •His campaigns are mentioned in the Eran inscription (Madhya Pradesh) |
Chandragupta II |
•Reigned from 376-413/415 CE •Navratnas (9 Gems in his Court) •Took the title ‘Vikramaditya’ |
Kumaragupta I |
•Reigned from 415 CE to 455 CE •Founded Nalanda University •He was also called Shakraditya |
Skandagupta |
•Reigned from 455 AD – 467 AD •Was a ‘Vaishnavite‘ •Son of Kumaragupta •Repulsed an attack by the Hunas but this strained his empire’s coffers |
Vishnugupta |
•Last known ruler of the Gupta Dynasty (540 AD – 550 AD) |
Gupta Empire – Chandragupta I (320 – 335 CE)
Gupta Empire – Samudragupta (c. 335/336 – 375 CE)
Gupta Empire – Chandragupta II (c.376 – 413/415 CE)
Kumaragupta Ⅰ (c. 415 – 455 CE)
Skandagupta (c. 455 – 467 CE)
Pushyabhuti Dynasty (AD 606-647)
Rashtrakutas
Gangas
Pallavas
Founder-Simhavishnu; capital-Kanchi; greatest king Narsimhavarman who founded the town of Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) and built rock-cut raths or even pagodas.
Mughal Empire (AD 1526-1707)
Babur (AD 1526-1530)
Humayun (AD 1530-1556)
Akbar (AD 1556-1605)
Jahangir (AD 1605-1627)
Shahjahan (AD 1628-1658)
Aurangzeb Alamgir (AD 1658-1707)
Sur Dynasty
CAUSES BEhind The Fall of MUGHAL EMPIRE
Later Mughals
Bahadur Shah Ⅰ/Shah Alam/Muazzam (c. 1707 – 1712 CE)
Jahandar Shah (c. 1712 – 1713 CE)
Farrukh Siyar (c. 1713 – 1719 CE)
Please purchase the course before view in detail
consists of Prelims and Mains.
What are the posts
AGE, Education, Physical
Course Duration
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Pre-Historic Period
Palaeolithic Period :
1. Lower Palaeolithic
2. Middle Palaeolithic
3. Upper Palaeolithic
Mesolithic Period :
Neolithic Period :
Chalcolithic Period :
Use of copper and stone made tools.
They practised agriculture; venerated mother Goddess and worshipped the bull.
Indus Valley Civilisation
Indus Valley Civilisation |
|
Site |
Discovery/Finding |
Harappa |
Situated on river Ravi in Montgomery district of Punjab (Pakistan). It was excavated by Daya Ram Sahni in 1921-23. The Indus Civilisation is named after it as the Harappan Civilisation. Stone dancing Natraja and Cemetry-37 have been found here. |
Mohenjodaro (Mound of Dead) |
Situated on river Indus in Larkana district of Sind (Pak). It was excavated by RD Bannerji in 1922. The main building includes the Great Bath, the Great Granary, the Collegiate Building and the Assembly Hall. The dancing girl made of bronze, has been found here. Pashupati Mahadeva/proto Shiva seal; fragment of woven cotton. |
Site |
Discovery/Finding |
Chanhudaro |
On river Indus; discovered by NG Majumdar (1931); only Indus site without citadel; bronze fugurines of bullock cart and ekkas; a small pot suggesting a kinkwell. |
Lothal (Gujarat) |
Discovered by SR Rao (1954); situated on river Bhogava. A part town was divided into citadel, lower town and dockyard. Evidence of rice has been found here. |
Kalibangan (Black Bangles) (Rajasthan) |
Discovered by BB Lal (1961); situated on Ghaggar river, a ploughed field; a wooden furrow, seven fire-altars; bones of camel; and evidence of two types of burials namely-circular grave and rectangular grave. |
Dholavira |
It was found on river Luni of Kutch district in Gujarat. Largest and latest site, discovered by JP Joshi (1967-68). It has a unique wale management system; only site to be divided into 3 parts; largest Harappan inscription and a stadium. |
Surkotada (Gujarat) |
Discovered by JP Joshi in 1972; evidence of horse found; oval grave pit burials and seemingly a port city. |
Banawali (Haryana) |
On river Saraswati; discovered by RS Bisht (1973); evidence of both pre-Harappan and Harappan culture; lacked systematic drass system; evidence of good quality barley. |
Vedic Period :
Rig Vedic Period (1500-1000 BC)
Political Organisation
Society
Religion
Economy
Rigvedic Terms |
|
Term |
Meaning |
Dasyus |
Original inhabitant of India |
Ayas |
Copper/bronze |
Vajrapati |
Officer enjoying authority |
Kalapas |
over large tract of land |
Gramini |
Head of the village |
Gavisthi |
Fighting hordes, Search for cows/war for cows |
Rigvedic Rivers |
|||
River |
Name in Rigveda |
River |
Name in Rigveda |
Indus |
Sindhu |
Sutlej |
Sutudri |
Jhelum |
Vitasta |
Gomati |
Gomal |
Chenab |
Asikni |
Saraswati |
Sarasvati |
Ravi |
Parushini |
Ghaggar |
Prishadavati |
Beas |
Vipasa |
|
Later Vedic Period (1000-500 BC)
In this period, Aryans expanded from Punjab over the whole of Western Uttar Pradesh covered by the Ganga-Yamuna Doab.
Political Organisation
King (Samrat) became more powerful and tribal authority tended to become territorial.
Society
Economy
Religion
Vedic Literature
The Vedas
The Brahmanas
The Aranyakas
The Upanishads
Smriti
Vedangas
1. Shiksha (Pronunciation)
2. Kalpa (Rituals)
3. Nikrukta (Explanation)
4. Chhanda (Metrics)
5. Jyotish
Darshans
Upavedas
There are four Upavedas |
||
Upaveda |
Deals with |
Upaveda of |
Dhanurveda |
Art of warfare |
Yajurveda |
Gandharva - veda |
Art and music |
Samaveda |
Shilpaveda |
Architecture |
Atharvaveda |
Ayurveda |
Medicine |
Rigveda |
Epics
Mahajanapadas
Mahajanapada |
Capital |
Mahajanapada |
Capital |
Kashi |
Varanasi |
Kosala |
Shravasti |
Anga |
Champanagri |
Magadh |
Rajagriha |
Vajji |
Vaishali |
Malla |
Kushinagar |
Chedi |
Shuktimati |
Vatsa |
Kaushambi |
Kuru |
Hastinapur |
Panchala |
Ahichhatra |
Matsya |
Viratnagar |
Surasena |
Mathura |
Assaka |
Budanya |
Avanti |
Ujjain |
Gandhara |
Taxila |
Komboja |
Rajpur |
Jainism and Buddhism
Jainism
Five Doctrines of Jainism
1. Do not commit violence (Ahimsa)
2. Do not steal (Asteya)
3. Do not acquire property (Aparigraha)
4. Do not speak lie (Satya)
5. Observe continence (Brahmacharya)
COUNCILS
Buddhism
TriratnaBuddhism stands for 3 pillars
Phases of Buddha's Life |
Known as |
Left home at the age of 29 |
Mahabhinishkramana |
Under Peepal tree at Bodh Gaya at the age of 35 |
Attained knowledge / Enlightment/Nirvana |
First Sermon |
Dharmachakra parivartana |
Death |
Mahaparinirvana |
The Dhamma
The Eight Fold Path
1. Right Understanding 5. Right Efforts
2. Right Thought 6. Right Speech
3. Right Action 7. Right Mindfullness
4. Right Livelihood 8. Right Concentration
Belief in Nirvana
Belief in Ahimsa
Law of Karma
Buddhist Literature
Causes of Decline of Buddhism : Use of Sanskrit, the language of intellectuals, in place of Pali, the language of the common people. Revival of Hinduism.
Main Buddhist Councils |
||||
Buddhist Council |
Time |
Place |
Chairman |
Patron |
First |
483 BC |
Rajagriha |
Mahakashyapa |
Ajatshatru |
Second |
383 BC |
Vaishali |
Sabakami |
Kalashoka |
Third |
250 BC |
Patliputra |
Mogaliputta Tissa |
Ashoka |
Fourth |
AD 72 |
Kundalvana |
Vasumitra, Ashwaghosa |
Kanishka |
Dynasties of Ancient India
Haryanka Dynasty
Bimbisara was the founder, who expanded the Magadha kingdom by annexing Anga and entering into matrimonial alliances with Kosala and Vaishali. He was contemporary of Buddha. Capital-Rajgir (Girivraja).
Shishunaga Dynasty
Nanda Dynasty
Mauryan Dynasty
Chandragupta Maurya
Bindusara
Ashoka
The Indo-Greeks
The Shakas
The Kushans
The Sunga Dynasty (185-73 BC)
The Satavahanas (or Andhras)
The Kanva Dynasty (73-28 BC)
Sangam Age
Introduction
Sangam Literature: Major source giving details of Sangam Age
Other Sources that give details about the Sangam Period are –
Political History of Sangam Period
Cholas
Pandyas
Sangam Polity and Administration
Sangam Society
Position of Women during Sangam Age
Religion
Economy of the Sangam Age
End of Sangam Age
Gupta Period :
Gupta Empire – Kings
Gupta Dynasty Kings |
Facts about Gupta Kings |
Sri Gupta |
•Founder of Gupta Dynasty •Reign from 240 CE to 280 CE •Used the title of ‘Maharaja‘ |
Ghatotkacha |
•Son of Sri Gupta •Took the title of ‘Maharaja‘ |
Chandragupta I |
•Reigned from 319 CE to 335/336 CE •Started the Gupta Era •He assumed the title of ‘Maharajadhiraja‘ •Married Lichchavi princess Kumaradevi |
Samudragupta |
•Reigned from 335/336 CE to 375 CE •Called ‘Napolean of India’ by V.A. Smith (Irish Indologist and Art Historian) •His campaigns are mentioned in the Eran inscription (Madhya Pradesh) |
Chandragupta II |
•Reigned from 376-413/415 CE •Navratnas (9 Gems in his Court) •Took the title ‘Vikramaditya’ |
Kumaragupta I |
•Reigned from 415 CE to 455 CE •Founded Nalanda University •He was also called Shakraditya |
Skandagupta |
•Reigned from 455 AD – 467 AD •Was a ‘Vaishnavite‘ •Son of Kumaragupta •Repulsed an attack by the Hunas but this strained his empire’s coffers |
Vishnugupta |
•Last known ruler of the Gupta Dynasty (540 AD – 550 AD) |
Gupta Empire – Chandragupta I (320 – 335 CE)
Gupta Empire – Samudragupta (c. 335/336 – 375 CE)
Gupta Empire – Chandragupta II (c.376 – 413/415 CE)
Kumaragupta Ⅰ (c. 415 – 455 CE)
Skandagupta (c. 455 – 467 CE)
Pushyabhuti Dynasty (AD 606-647)
Rashtrakutas
Gangas
Pallavas
Founder-Simhavishnu; capital-Kanchi; greatest king Narsimhavarman who founded the town of Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) and built rock-cut raths or even pagodas.
Mughal Empire (AD 1526-1707)
Babur (AD 1526-1530)
Humayun (AD 1530-1556)
Akbar (AD 1556-1605)
Jahangir (AD 1605-1627)
Shahjahan (AD 1628-1658)
Aurangzeb Alamgir (AD 1658-1707)
Sur Dynasty
CAUSES BEhind The Fall of MUGHAL EMPIRE
Later Mughals
Bahadur Shah Ⅰ/Shah Alam/Muazzam (c. 1707 – 1712 CE)
Jahandar Shah (c. 1712 – 1713 CE)
Farrukh Siyar (c. 1713 – 1719 CE)
Please purchase the course before view in detail
consists of Prelims and Mains.
What are the posts
AGE, Education, Physical
Course Duration
Please purchase the course before view in detail
Please purchase the course before view in detail
Please purchase the course before view in detail
Do you have any query? Raise Query
Please purchase the course before view in detail
Please purchase the course before view in detail
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